Modifying the disease process of osteoarthritis

Pentosan polysulfate is becoming an increasingly popular treatment for arthritis in dogs. But what is it, how does it work, and is it right for your pet?

Osteoarthritis is one of the most common causes of pain and stiffness in dogs, especially large breeds and active pets. While traditional treatments like anti-inflammatories and joint supplements still play a key role in arthritis management, Pentosan polysulfate is offering a new layer of support that modifies the disease process in osteoarthritis.

What is Pentosan?

Pentosan polysulfate sodium (PPS) is a semi-synthetic drug derived from beechwood hemicellulose. Originally developed for use in horses with osteoarthritis, it’s now widely used in dogs to manage joint disease—often with excellent results.

How does it work?

Pentosan is not just a painkiller—it’s considered a disease-modifying osteoarthritis drug (DMOAD), meaning it works to improve joint health at a deeper level over time. It is also given systemically so works on all joints throughout the body.

Its benefits include:

• Stimulating cartilage repair and preventing further cartilage breakdown
• Improving joint lubrication by stimulating the production of joint fluid
• Increasing blood flow to the associated tissues
• Reducing inflammation

This makes it different from NSAIDs (like Rimadyl or Previcox), which mainly block pain and inflammation but don’t slow joint degeneration.

What conditions can pentosan help with?

Pentosan is commonly used for:

• Osteoarthritis (age-related or post-traumatic)
• Hip and elbow dysplasia
• Intervertebral disc disease (IVDD)
• Post-operative joint recovery
• Preventive care in working or athletic dogs

Vets may recommend it alone or in combination with other treatments such as NSAIDs, omega-3s, or physiotherapy.

How is Pentosan given?

Pentosan is administered by subcutaneous injection (under the skin), typically at your vet’s office. The standard protocol is:

• One injection per week for four weeks
• Then, booster injections every three months, but frequency will depend on your dog’s response and needs

Some vets teach pet owners how to give follow-up injections at home, especially for long-term management.

What results can you expect?

Improvements can be gradual or dramatic, depending on the severity of the condition, but many owners report that their dog is more mobile, playful, and comfortable after just a few weeks.

While not every dog responds equally, Pentosan is often a game-changer in cases where other treatments haven’t done enough.

Is Pentosan safe?

Pentosan has a high safety profile when used correctly for osteoarthritis and related musculoskeletal disorders in dogs. It has been used for over 20 years in veterinary medicine. However, because it can mildly affect blood clotting, it’s used with caution in dogs with:

• Active bleeding disorders
• Recent surgery or trauma
• Liver dysfunction

Side effects are rare but may include temporary soreness at the injection site, vomiting, or lethargy. Always follow your vet’s advice and report any unusual symptoms.

Pentosan vs. other joint treatments

Final thoughts

Pentosan offers hope to dogs suffering from joint pain by not only easing their discomfort but also helping preserve their joint function. Whether your dog is a senior struggling to get up in the morning or a young athlete with early signs of arthritis, it might be worth asking your vet if Pentosan could help.